The Catcher in the Rye Essays (10743 words) -

The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger GCSE English Literature Study Guide The Novel and it's Publication The Catcher in the Rye was first published as a series of short stories between 1945-6 in the United States. The narrative was first published as a novel in 1951 both in Britain and the United States. There are major differences between the original published versions and the original American text that you are studying. In the early publications, for example, the American version was amended for British audiences by changing Americanised spelling and the removal of expletives or references deemed offensive to the British audience. However, the most telling alteration to the British edition of 1951 and the original American text, published for the first time in Britain in 1994, is the use of italics to add emphasis to Holden's phrases. The effect is telling. Without the italics the sense of an idiosyncratic voice is lost; the impact of Holden's, at times, searing and bitter perspectives, is somewhat attenuated. Whereas, in the original American text, the use of italics helps to further humanise the narrative voice as a representation of a contemporary American youth. The original publication of the novel in 1951 generated great controversy. In 1951, America was coming into its role as the great geo-political superpower of the twentieth century. In the aftermath of the Second World War, which the Americans entered in its later stages but to decisive effect, America found itself in a period of considerable wealth and prosperity. Equally, this economic growth created an increasing understanding of its own moral identity. This was characterised by a clear sense of family values and social responsibility. Indeed, these values were pervasive, with the increasing growth of broadcast media in the US, the moral compass of the American ruling powers, was imposed on Americans through their television sets on a nightly basis. By the 1950s, under the presidency of Harry. S Truman - who authorised the use of the Atomic Bomb and thus cemented the power of the US on the world stage - America had become the first major 'consumer society'. That is, a society that places great value on material possessions as a representation of their personal happiness. In turn, Salinger's presentation of a young man in that society, who is fundamentally disgusted by it, is the antithesis of the prevailing national sentiment of the time. Furthermore, Holden's inherent rebelliousness was considered a negative influence on American youth. However, popular culture in America was beginning to focus on the concept of the 'teenager'. The Catcher in the Rye marks the early beginnings of representations of teenage rebellion in pop-culture. In 1954, James Dean (pictured right) played a rebellious teenager, Jim Stark, in Rebel Without a Cause. The film centred on Stark's defiance of his parents and the education system, in the process making Dean an iconic figure in 1950s culture. Increasingly there was a growing belief that the generation gap in the US was growing; that American youth were disillusioned with the authoritarian outlook of their parents. In turn this explains the inherently censorial approach taken to the novel when it was first published in the 1950s: Holden's ceaseless struggle with authority in the novel embodies the very real conflict that was taking place outside of it in families across Middle America. Interestingly, The Catcher in the Rye's place in education has been problematic. Many school authorities banned the book from the curriculum when it was first published. Indeed, many felt that to teach the book in the classroom - a place where students are supposed to be educated in not just subject matter, but social and moral issues - was to give the Holden's rebelliousness and anti-establishment perspective its intended audience. The novel was still banned in some places as late as 1997. Plot Overview The Catcher in the Rye is narrated from the perspective of a young man called Holden Caulfield who has fallen victim to an undefined psychological illness. Holden does not specify his precise location as he recounts the events leading to his admission to a mental institution. Holden is sixteen at the time of the narrative and he recounts the events that take place between the end of the Autumn term and his return to New York City. Holden's story begins on the Saturday afternoon of a major inter-school football game. Holden does not attend the game but instead stands atop a hill overlooking the match. It is here that Holden reveals to the reader that he has been asked to leave Pencey because he is failing four out

An Analysis of Advertisement Essay Essay Example

An Analysis of Advertisement Essay Essay Example An Analysis of Advertisement Essay Essay An Analysis of Advertisement Essay Essay In the Hunter/Gatherer subdivision of Omnivore’s Dilemma. Pollan talks about what it takes to carry through the undertaking of developing a repast on his ain ; accordingly. the people of today’s society are so used to the copiousness of nutrient that they have no thought what all is involved in set uping a full repast. Americans take this great copiousness of nutrient for granted. which causes an increased craving for more. This is where the universe of advertizement has been the strongest. One of the easiest ways to make people is through their nutrient ; hence. major nutrient industries try to entice people in at all costs merely to purchase their merchandises. The Fast nutrient industry is the ringleader of all this hocus-pocus. They try their best to do people believe that their nutrient is the best on the market. and in this procedure they hide several of their defects with a beautiful or really appealing advertizement. The creative activity of an advertizement has been broken down into a specific scientific discipline where the Godhead of the advertizement can specifically nail the targeted audience’s involvements. The advertizement of industrial nutrients has become a major failing in the American civilization ; accordingly. the factors of this failing semen from the inability for omnivores to do the right determination on what to eat. whether or non the nutrient is good for them. the deficiency of courtesy for others and themselves. and the failure to see through the pretty colourss and the attractive frontage advertizements display. One illustration of this corruptness of nutrient civilization can be viewed in a simple Carl’s Jr. ad. In this advertizement. there is depicted a beefburger and few lines of text. but the simpleness of this ad is what makes it all the more deceiving. The Godhead of this ad uses several pictural techniques in order to capture anyone that may see it. First of all. the colourss in the beefburger are superb and attention-getting such as: the perfect aureate colour of the benne seed roll ; the bright yellow of the cheese between two beds of absolutely charbroiled beef cakes ; the vibrant red of the catsup ; and the absolutely fresh expression of the tomatoes. onions. and boodle. This ad rives its viewing audiences to believe that this beefburger is ideal and seems about touchable. As though the superb colourss of the beefburger was non plenty. the Godhead of this ad uses a black background in order to light all the hamburger’s greatest properties. As the ad is farther examined. the three line of white. bolded text is ineluctable. particularly on the black background. Another manner the advertizer attracts the spectator is through the placement of the ad on the posting. hoarding. etc. Here in this peculiar ad. the image has about perfect axial balance. This means that the chief focal point of the ad. the Burger. is the cardinal point of the whole ad. and this is decidedly the first thing the advertizer wants his viewing audiences to see. Another thing about the orientation of the image is about looks 3-dimensional. The advertizer does this so that the spectator can acquire as near to the Burger without smelling it or savoring it as possible. The following biggest thing on the advertizement is the tricky phrase that is in a particular fount and size that is the following thing that catches the oculus. The atmosphere in the Carl’s Jr. dvertisement is that of a bold hungriness and besides casually rough. This temper is set non merely by the image but besides by what the words imply. The phrase printed on the ad. â€Å" She’ll Tell you size doesn’t affair. She’s lying† is an old gag that is rough and degrading for adult females. Here. in an implicit in manner. adult females are itemized and they are s een as some sort of award alternatively of a human being. Not merely does the text degrade adult females but besides work forces. It degrades work forces in that the Godhead of this advertisement thinks that all work forces walk around believing about sex all the clip. Unfortunately. this is likely true. and it is a reasonably â€Å"low blow† to take advantage of such a serious failing. Pollan states that one of the omnivore’s often asked inquiry is â€Å"What should we make for dinner† ( 1 ) . When seeking for the reply. people will seek it anyplace. and unhappily. many autumn into the coarseness of this ad. Pollan explains this impression when he says. â€Å"When you can eat merely about anything nature has to offer. make up ones minding what you should eat will necessarily stir anxiousness. particularly when some of the possible nutrients on offer are apt to kill you† ( 3 ) . Although a beefburger may non kill person. the innuendo of sex in the ad can drag people down to the awful oily degree of the Burger. Although this ad is rough and deceptive. the Godhead of it uses poignancy. ethos and logos really good in order to make a future consumer. The poignancy. or emotion. that the advertizer sets through his ad is that of sex and pride. Both of these are non really stated in the ad. but these are the emotions that take topographic point when the ad is comprehended. The Godhead of this ad has a certain mark. and that mark is any adult male over the age of 13. He uses their greatest failing. their sex thrust. to entice them I to desiring one of those Burgers. This usage of sexual mention is a really good illustration of Son because the Godhead uses the maneuver of proving men’s pride. A great sum of a man’s pride comes from his sexual gifts. Here in this article those gifts are being tested from the point of view of about stating. â€Å"Are you adult male adequate to eat this Burger? † The ethos of this ad though is low. Usually it is non right to take advantage of someone’s greatest failing. which is done here to work forces. But. because of the on-going conflict between fast nutrient ironss today. it is of import to take advantage of any failing the consumer may hold in order to win their concern. The function of this Carl’s Jr. advertizement is an first-class illustration of how the universe views nutrient and the deficiency of regard for it. The statement made in the text is a petroleum. humourous. platitude gag that has been a small over used. The advertizer shows non merely his degree of adulthood. but besides the adulthood of the consumers that fall for this fast one. It is non merely what the words say on the ad that makes it incorrect. but what the words imply. This implicit in mention towards sex is likely the lowest advertizers could make to appeal to their targeted consumers. Where in a beefburger does person acquire sexual aspirations? There is nil sexy or in any manner appealing of person eating a elephantine. mussy beefburger. For people to be satisfied in their nutrient because it is advertised in this manner is absurd and disrespectful non merely to the nutrient itself. but besides the people who prepared it. In this peculiar Carl’s Jr. ad. all that is shown is the glorious terminal merchandise of a long line of â€Å"dirty work† . and the jobber who did that work is forgotten. If people had to travel back to the yearss when the repast had to provided without the aid industry. there would be a whole new degree of regard for those who work to bring forth those nutrients. The hunter/ gatherer group was allowed to see a little part of what steps it takes to acquire a repast on the tabular array from the really get downing. The greatest quandary that they faced was happening adequate nutrient. and in the beginning. holding nutrient at all. Although this was a great obstruction. it besides gave the group a sense of achievement when they had conquered the undertaking bring forthing a complete repast without the aid of anything but nature. This manner of life is how people had to make it before there were any industrial nutrient ironss. It has about become a lost art. Pollan explains this when he says. â€Å"Now there are some people ( though non all that many of them any longer ) for whom such a radically self-made repast exists steadfastly in the kingdom of possibility. I am non one of them† ( 277 ) . He uses himself as an illustration of this loss of civilization and heritage. In this advertizement of the Carl’s Jr. Super Star with cheese. many things can be taken from the simple image of the Burger and the text. The fast nutrient industry has ruined people because they have all the nutrient they need at a speedy inexpensive monetary value. and unluckily this has caused people to take the life necessity of nutrient for granted. Peoples have perverted the nutrient industry with their deficiency of regard for nutrient and themselves through the nutrient they eat and the manner that nutrient is sometimes advertised. Industrial nutrient ironss make their ads look so perfect and tasty. but unluckily. the existent thing is nowhere near what is advertised. Fast nutrient is a fast one that everyone is falling for. This speedy nutrient blinds people to the difficult work it takes to acquire the repast from the field to the tabular array.

American History is Continued Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

American History is Continued - Coursework Example However, the United States had a different opinion where it supported the principle of national self-determination. Through this principle, the United States insisted that people in each country should freely choose their postwar rulers (Divine et al., 810). 2. What was the policy of â€Å"containment†? The policy of containment consolidated the evolving postwar anti-communist and established various guidelines that were intended to shape the America’s role in the world for more than two decades (Divine et al., 810). Through the containment policy, the United State intended to force the Soviet Union to adopt policies that are more reasonable and live in peace with the west. The containment policy developed form an article that was presented by Kennan concerning issues on foreign affairs. In the article that was later developed into the containment policy, Kennan warned that there is a need of a policy of containment. In his argument, Kennan illustrated that only strong and sustained resistance could halt the outward flow of Russian power (Divine et al., 810). 3.  How did  Sputnik  impact the  United States? The Sputnik, which was launched by the Soviet Union, bought panic to the Americans. This is because the Sputnik was the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth. The Americans were fearful that the Russians were far ahead of them in terms of development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) (Divine et al., 810). The Democratic argued that the country was not spending enough on defense and the launch of Sputnik posed as a dangerous missile gap. This could give the Russians an opportunity to launch a first strike and destroy America while having such a command lead in ICBMs (Divine et al., 810). Moreover, the through the development of Sputnik, the Russians were making several threats to the Americans of being capable in making severe destructions. 4. What were the key characteristics of American culture and society during t he 1950’s? Some of the key characteristics in the American culture include the fact that consumerism became the dominant social theme (Divine et al., 843). There were abundance of creature comforts and more hours of leisure time. This simply means that most of the Americans were experiencing good life. Another important area that showed significant improvement in the American culture was the religion organizations (Divine et al., 843). There was a significance increase in the number of churches and synagogues in most of the communities in America. Moreover, there was an increase in the number of schools and many children were able to get education (Divine et al., 843). 5. What social and political factors acted to encourage the growth of a strong civil rights movement? Some of the social factors that led to the growth of civil rights movement included lack of proper shelter. For example, Divine et al., (851) indicates that those who had left the south for better opportunities in the northern and western cities were concentrated in blighted and segregated neighborhoods. They were also working at low-paying jobs. Moreover, they were suffering from economic and social discrimination and failing to share fully in the postwar prosperity (Divine et al., 851). Some of the political factors that led to the growth of the civil movements include failure of making reforms and the denial of basic rights to

Movie vs history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie vs history - Essay Example In the movie, although it is animated, the producer captures the hearts not only of children but also of the adult audiences with the entertaining presentation of colorful animations and the lively songs. Along with the entertainment it offers, the movie also teaches lessons like clinging to the plans God has purposed in a person’s life which is exemplified in the song â€Å"You know Better then I†, a song which the main character, Joseph, sang. Beforehand, the young man questioned God about his imprisonment when he was falsely accused of acts of lasciviousness by his master’s wife and his seemingly hopeless state when his roommates were released later, he realized that God is his maker so it is He who knows what is best for him, and thus inspired the song. One of the strengths of the movie probably is the source of the story, the Bible, which is an accepted as a reference for the study of early civilizations. Early on, the movie claims its historical claim based from the aforementioned text particularly from the book of Genesis. However, there have been changes in the presentations which might affect the learning of audiences as well as their perceptions about the characters. For instance, one might think that Jacob is a weak father who has sacrificed his pride for the sake of his favorite son, Joseph and that he did not discipline his son regarding the dreams he had. In the movie, when Joseph told about his dreams, Jacob supported Joseph even when it concerned him and his wife, being presented to be falling down before the young man in the future. Putting this in juxtaposition with the story in the Bible, Jacob is observed to have rebuked Joseph although he did not also disregard his gift (Gen. 37:10), thus giving him the benefit of the doubt. For an observant historian, this is a sign of failure to stick to the facts of a movie that claims to have based its story from recorded history. It is an important matter that not only the

Self Esteem Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self Esteem - Literature review Example Moreover, social acceptance besides interpersonal correlation has vita effects on self esteem (Nunley, 1996 p. 90). Friendship impacts on self esteem from puberty up to when a person develops into an adult (Cause, Mason, Gonzales, Hiraga, and Liu, 1998 p. 54). Evidently, singing together at the Bristol integrate will make these persons to develop some friendship and relationship thus boosting their personal self esteem. Furthermore, assistance and support given to people also helps in improving the self esteem of children and the adolescents in the society. Extra areas that also promote self esteem of any person are the school transition besides social success. Actually, when a person graduates from one level of education to another, they realize their position in the society thus improving their self esteem as described by Feldman and Elliot. Some of these social successes in the adolescents may comprise having self confidence in their physical appearance, their intelligence in clas s, besides social belonging (Fennel, 2011 p. 56). However, the children who don’t recognize such confidence in them will hate themselves, thus, low self esteem. Singing as a group in enhanced the interpersonal relationship among the individuals in Bristol Integrate. The possibility of the individuals to relate to one another very in the group leads to high social esteem. Conversely, the inability to interrelate will result in very low self esteem among the singers.

Removing Bubbles From Wallpaper

Removing Bubbles From Wallpaper The most important and the useful thing in decorating your house is the wallpaper. There are several wallpapers available in the market that you can apply on your own. However there are several problems that the person normally faces while applying wallpaper. The biggest problem is of the wallpaper bubble and so most of the people want to know the tips for getting a bubble out of the wallpaper. To begin with what are wallpaper bubbles? They are the bumps visible in the wallpapers surface that are caused because of the air pockets that are trapped between the wall as well as the paper. It is quite common to find such wallpaper bubbles in every wall even if the wallpapers are applied by the professionals. But that doesnt means that it is not at all possible to have the beautiful wallpaper on the wall without the wallpaper bubbles. There are several easy as well as simple DIY fixes that are best in providing you the wallpaper look smooth as well as totally free from the wallpaper bubbles. In addition there are several useful tips that are helpful in enabling one to apply wallpapers on the wall without any bubbles. Some of the tips that are considered very helpful for you to get out from the trouble of wallpaper bubble, if they have already arisen. They are as under: The first thing you can do with the air bubble is that you can cut the air bubble with the craft knife in the cross. Open the leaves from the cut put some adhesive and then again smoothen it back into the place. You can also use a pin in order to put the hole in the air bubble. After doing so you can put some of the adhesive over the hole and then leave it to dry for some days. It is also beneficial if you try pricking the hole with the help of syringe with a long needle. You can force the paste into the hole with the help of syringe and flatten it again. You can also try hard rollers on the surface. It is so because it helps in getting the bubble out of the wallpaper. All the above stated points will help you in getting a bubble out of wallpaper.

Free Oedipus the King Essays: The Downfall of Oedipus Rex :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

The Downfall of Oedipus Rex The greek playwright, Sophocles, was born around 496 B.C., and died in 406 B.C.   During his life, he wrote many plays, one of which was Oedipus Rex.   Sophocles was the first dramatist to add the third actor to the play.   Actors were able to perfrom many different parts, but the play was limited to only three actors and the chorus.   (Literature, page 1065)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The downfall of Oedipus transpired due to the tragic flaw of his character.   Oedipus was very temperamental and became easily angered. He was a prideful individual who desired to be a hero and avenge the death of Laius.   His devout need to know the truth, and have the proof that it indeed was the truth also led to his ruin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus had a very short temper.   Oedipus did not want to hear what Tiresias had to say after he begged him to tell him all that he knew.   "Am I to listen to such things from him!   May you be damned!   Get out of here at once!   Turn around and go!"   (Literature, Oedipus the King, Ln. 434-436, page 1085)   Oedipus went into a rage when Tiresias told him about the evils that Oedipus was living with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus took great pride in saving people and being seen a hero.   He wanted the death of Laius to be avenged and he had to be the one to find the murderer and punish him.   "I'll fight for him, I'll leave no means untried, to cach the one who did it with his hand..."   (Literature, Oedipus the King, Ln. 270-271, page 1081)   He did not want to let the people of Thebes down, and he wanted to show that he would be a true hero once again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus was in pursuit of the truth   to find out what really happened with his birth and life.   Oedipus was searching for the truth and needed to know all the facts in order to convict the murderer.   "Ah!   All of it was destined to be true!"   (Literature, Oedipus the King, Ln.