Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay -- Psychology, Rational Behavioral

Brief history of the theory and theorist. In it's simplest form, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (or CBT as it will be referred to from here on out), refers to the approach of changing dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts to realistic and healthy ones. CBT encompasses several types of therapy focusing on the impact of an individual's thinking as it relates to expressed behaviors. Such models include rational emotive therapy (RET), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), behavior therapy (BT), Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT), Schema Focused Therapy, Cognitive therapy (CT). Most recently a few other variations have been linked to CBT such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (Harrington and Pickles, 2009). The main aspect that all of these branches of therapy share, is that our thoughts relate to our external behaviors. External events and individuals do not cause the negative thoughts or feelings, but, instead the perception of events and situations is the root cause (National Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists, 2010). The idea of thoughts as they connect to behaviors can be traced back to Epictetus (55 AD -135 AD , Greek Stoic and Philosopher). He stated, â€Å"Men are not disturbed by things, but by the view which they take of them (Epictetus and Higgonson, 1944). Epictetus also wrote, â€Å"Do not strive for things occurring to occur as you wish, but wish things occurring as they occur, and you will flow well (Epictetus and Lebell, 1994).† In other words, see things for what they really are and good health will follow (Romaneck, 2007).† Another belief was that a sage or teacher was immune to unhappiness and misf... ...cur via story, instruction or through music enhancement (Deggs & Davis, 49. 2011). Homework for CBT clients may include reading suggested articles or books, taking surveys, journaling, recording thoughts and challenging negative automatic thoughts, creating timetables and graded exposures (slowing bringing feared items to the forefront). Guided discovery, structured sessions, homework and collaboration. Socratic reasoning/questioning (open questioning). Challenging NATS (Negative Automatic Thoughts), challenging core beliefs. ERP (exposure and response prevention). Cognitive behavioral therapy uses the ABC model. A stands for action or activating event, B represents beliefs or thoughts that are created from the activating event, and C represents consequences or how we react to the event. Homework is a key component of this therapy.

Apple Online Store Strategy

GROUP B _Choose three core competencies of Apple Inc. How did these competencies allow Apple to make sense out of the recorded music industry in the early 200’s? How did they set the company up for robust first user advantage? How stable do those advantage seem now? (See Jay Barney’s Looking Inside for Competitive Advantage; Zook’s Finding Your Next Core Business). As the Internet based recorded music segment continues to evolve into other devices, will Apple’s competencies continue to generate advantage versus suc competitors as Research in Motion and Dell Inc.? Apple today is the leading player in the internet music industry with over 6 billion songs downloaded since the launch of its iTunes online music store, which today contains more than 10 million songs. Apple introduced iTunes and its online music store in 2001 when there were several major players, such as Amazon and Napster, competing for the market. However, Apple was able to outperform these co mpetitors with its three main core competencies, software, retailing and branding. In 2003, Apple introduced the iTunes online music store that allowed customers to purchase and download songs directly from the store to their computer through iTunes, and then transfer them directly to their iPods. By that time, most of Apple’s competitors offered their customers songs through subscriptions, however they did not provide customers full control of the songs they purchased, i. e. , songs purchased would be lost once customer no longer subscribed. Apple was able to offer customer a whole new way of selling songs to customers. They allowed customers to buy songs like CDs, cassettes in store and never had their songs lost since there were no subscriptions required. In addition, Apple also allowed the customer to preview the songs they intended to purchase in order to avoid downloading the wrong songs. In order to be able to allow customers to purchase songs for a low cost, Apple managed to negotiate a landmark deal with biggest five music companies in the world, Warner, Universal, BMG, Sony and EMI. Songs offered by Apple were using DRM (Digital Right Management) technology to prevent the songs to be unlimited shared. However, the songs could be used to burn unlimited CDS and transferred to unlimited iPod. Since 2001, Apple had gained tremendous branding reputation for its iPod MP3 players. Since then, it has become the most popular MP3 player in the world. When iTunes online music store was introduced in 2003, Apple had provided an extremely convenient way for legally purchasing songs and transferring them directly to customers’ iPods. Therefore, Apple’s iTunes online music store was widely welcomed and accepted by a large number of customers. Apple was a pioneer in combining online music store and music management in one software that allow customers to conveniently purchase and manage their music. Since iTunes was introduced along with the first iPods, it has been well known for simplicity and user-friendly interface. Therefore, iTunes had largely contributed to the success of Apple’s online music store and the elimination of its competitors. As the internet based recorded music segment continues to evolve into other devices, Apple has taken another new strategies in selling music to customers. In June 2009, Apple has more than 10 million songs in its online music store, and since 2006, Apple started to take DRM off their songs and offer customers DRM-free songs. Eight million songs was DRM-free since June 2009 and Apple has been making effort to offer all of their songs free of DRM. Today, Apple does not have only iPod as their MP3 players, but they also have other devices such as iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch, that can all utilize the iTunes online music store. The introduction of iPhone and iPod Touch has provided Apple an opportunity to expand its iTunes store beyond a simple online music store to become an online entertainment store, which offers numerous varieties of movies, music, TV episodes, games, applications and books. This has made Apple become the leading brand in innovative technology and its brand ranking has been going up in recent years. ITunes itself also has gone through remarkably improvement in order to offer customers a simpler, more interesting and interactive way of browsing the online store. In general, despite intense competitions from other player such as Research in Motion and Dell Inc. , Apple has been able to outperform them and offer customers the most unique and efficient way of purchasing music and other online entertainment contents. This has been proved by growing stock prices, and increasing profit figures since Apple iTunes online music store was introduced in 2003.

The Best Sandwich Ever - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1014 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The Best Sandwich Ever The first sandwich was made in 1st Century B. C. by the famous rabbi, Hillel the Elder, during Passover. The sandwich was a remembrance of the Jews’ suffering before their deliverance from Egypt. This wonderful sandwich consisted of a mixture of chopped nuts, apples, spices and wine on two matzos, and was to be eaten with bitter herbs. Although the rabbi’s sandwich may not seem appetizing to the tastes buds of todays greater community we are grateful for his idea because now we have the creations every little kid holds in his/her lunch box today. The sandwich world has evolved into sandwiches as simple as the favored bologna sandwich to ones as complicated as the sandwich I like to call the SASS or the Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich. Sandwiches are filled with millions of flavors, and have different textures that make it the most popular item in a lunch boxes all over the world. The most important part of the sandwich dining experience is the fillers of the sandwich, starting with the meat. In the Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich there is one main meat that controls the rest of flavors, this meat is called salami. Not just any type of salami though, the salami in this sandwich has to be spicy and colorful. This salami is filled with peppers of all different types. Pepper is something that you have to be veracious with, too much and it’ll over power the sandwich, not enough then the meat will just be taking up space. In addition to the pepper the salami has to have a slightly pungent taste of garlic and salt. Garlic and salt will balance the flavor of the pepper and allow for one to explore new taste buds. The garlic and salt allow for a tangy contrast to the pepper making just these few layers of meat make your mouth water. In addition the taste of the salami the look of it is very important. Each seasoning has a different look and allows the meat to become a rainbow or color and flavor. The meat itself should be a red-orange color with black and white spots. These spots are where each entire piece of flavor is kept. In addition to meat there has to be veggies in this sandwich to add color and crunch. The Super Supreme has two very important veggies, shredded lettuce and ripe red tomatoes. Lettuce in this sandwich has to be freshly washed with still a little bit of water on it to contain the pristine taste. This lettuce is of a mellow, hardy, green texture. The heirloom tomatoes are vibrantly red with juicy seeds and firm skin. The color combination of the Italian salami, the hardy lettuce and the red heirloom tomatoes bring an aesthetic and redolence to this experience. The next important part of this sandwich is the condiments that add a zing of flavor and serve as an accoutrement to the palate of the diner. Many would slather on a mayonnaise but here an aioli is lightly applied to the bottom exterior casing of this sandwich. Typically an aioli is a mixture of mayonnaise a nd garlic but accompanied with French’s Mustard the combination provides color, moisture and flavor. Too completely accessories the Super Supreme there must be a melody of complimenting herbs and fruits. Olives, yellow bell pepper, rosemary, thyme, basil, marjoram, and oregano each finely chopped and drizzled throughout the sandwich allow for an intellectual taste of Italy. The Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich casing gives off the first impression and holds together a tantalizing dining experience. A sourdough loaf is chosen as it will provide a sturdy and stable coat for the Super Supreme. When selecting a loaf one must use all of the senses but one to test the freshness of the bread; the sense of touch to check firmness of the bread, the sense of smell to acquire the aroma of a virgin loaf, the sense of sight to view any imperfections and the sense of hearing to survey for a robust crunch. Once one is tempted to use the sense of taste, the correct loaf has been selected. N ote that this loaf is cut into slices offering an open face three by five canvas that has been toasted to perfection. A perfectly toasted loaf is found when the bread is browned with slightly darker columns seen, or grill marks. The crust that has now become crunchy and darkened will compliment the inner bread’s light crisp and browning. The Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich is a sandwich of many layers and pieces such as that of an outfit of a sophisticated lady. She always has her coat and purse, the bread. Her coat is what keeps her warm and safe, while the purse is where everything is held that she may need throughout the day. The bread holds everything together, keeps it warm, safe and easy to carry. Also a lady looks put together, her outfit is always clean and color coordinated, the meat. The outfit is always appropriate for the occasion never over or underdressed and ready for anything. The meat put inside a sandwich should never over power the rest of the ingredie nts inside but still be the main aspect of the meal. In addition she always has her accessories, the condiments. The accessories are where her true colors are shown and the entire outfit is matched together. Condiments are like accessories because they complete a sandwich, without them it would just be incomplete. The smear that is applied is like the shoes, something absolutely necessary and if carefully chosen can define a sandwich. Fruits and veggies are like the earrings, something a lady should never leave home without. The different flavors of the sandwich made by rabbi Hillel the Elder has evolved just as the attire of a lady. With every century the variety of flavors and textures expands allowing for each generation to venture out and have a creation of their own. The Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich is a prime example. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Best Sandwich Ever" essay for you Create order